有意見指出,為應對香港現在和未來老齡化社會的人力資源需求,人工智能應用為解決方法之一。本局會視乎該建議之可行性及效用而認真考慮該建議。
首先,未來的業務增長不是依靠增加人手,而是靠人工智能來提升整個工作生產力。全球經濟進入知識競爭時代,「知識經濟」逐步取代「工業經濟」,企業由傳統的資源型轉為知識創新型,透過知識驅動經濟成長、累積財富與促進就業。
其次,發展人工智能有利政府形象。政府以身作則,帶頭發展人工智能的應用,樹立與時並進的形象。正面的印象會令施政更容易獲得支持。
第三,人工智能的應用可以減少政府的開支或負擔。在現時人力資源短缺的情況,依靠人工智能取代部份前線或重復性工作,長遠來說,能夠大量節省成本,更可以提升日常運作的效率,為市民帶來更好的服務。
然而,人工智能政策不利本地經濟發展,減少國民生產總值。於目前經濟疲弱局面,大部份企業正考慮節省成本開支,若此時推行人工智能應用,將會大大增加企業的負擔,從而加劇結業潮,對本港經濟不利。
再者,此舉可能引起社會矛盾,減少社會凝聚力。人工智能取代文職,正正擊中香港最脆弱的就業結構。本港大部份工作為文職,若大量採用人工智能,將會增加失業率,對目前經濟低迷情況下,此政策將被視為「離地」,未有照顧本港失業人士,特別是年青人,增加其怨氣。
縱觀以上所述的利弊存在矛盾,然而人工智能是未來發展的大趨勢,若缺乏政策發展,本港經濟將落後世界。為了本港未來發展,本局見到人工智能的重要性。以下是本局的建議,為求確保方案可有效達致其政策目的。
第一,本局就人工智能政策進行公眾諮詢,在推行相關措施時顧及民意,聽取各持份者的意見,譬如企業和大學,亦會開放接受大眾的意見。在之後制定政策落實內容時,會研究並回應收集的意見是否可行,
第二,本局會參考海外地區,如英美的成功經驗,再作研究。另外,與香港有近似背景的新加坡,近十年都開始發展人工智能,2017年推出「新加坡人工智慧計劃」,2019年於交通、市政、醫療、教育、邊境管理五大領域,本局亦會主動參考其利弊得失,取長補短。
同時,由敎育開始。調整學校課程以融入人工智能元素,並提升教師的人工智能應用能力。隨著應用需求日益增長,人材培育是推動人工智能的㧡心任務,全方位人工智能教育普及。職涯轉型上,推行「人工智能學徒計劃」,
Due to a high demand on water consumption, the consultancy report had suggested that government to adjust fresh water charges. The government is open to all invaluable opinions. However, any forthcoming adjustment must abide by the principles of affordability.
First and foremost, the increasing water traffic, abusive usage of water can be discouraged and excessive demand can be reduced. A higher tariff would increase the cost of water consumption. Hence, the problem of excessive demand can be relieved.
Consequently, more resources can be reallocated to the other welfare as decreasing water consumption. The quality and efficiency of welfare system can be enhanced. For instances, budget can be used to build more public rental housing to reduce the wait time of the public. More attention can be given to underprivileged families. The overall effectiveness of welfare system can be improved.
However, there are a number of issued that may engender public concerns.
To begin with, sense of security will be reduced as the public who had financial difficulties will find the fresh water charges unaffordable for the increased cost. Increased charges may prompt them to either postponing or skipping the necessary water usage. Adjusting the charges will increase the barrier for underprivileged families and reduce water affordability.
Accordingly, adjusting water tariff would bring a negative impact to the government image. The act of raising water charges may be considered the public as disregarding their struggle and difficulties, especially during the economic downturn. As a result, trust between citizens and government will be eroded, with contribution to non-compassionate image.
In light of aforementioned pros and cons, the government will delay measures to further safeguard the efficiency of water supply before opting for adjusting fresh water charges.
Firstly, the government will conduct public consultancy to gauge relevant views and opinions from all stakeholders. They are welcome to provide their views through any channels with an aim to desire the societal consensus.
Secondly, timely review will be conducted on a yearly basis to closely monitor whether the need of adjusting water charges should be reintroduced. In case the excessive demand cannot be curbed.
Furthermore, the government would also step up publicity by educating the public on appropriate use of water. Campaigns including territory-wide community engagement in form of open forums and public dialogues activities.
The government had all along strived to safeguard and ensure the quality of water supply, while also monitoring affordability. To this end, the government will take all practicable steps to meet the needs of our society.
In light of the rising number of elder population, proposal on imposing Long-term Care Protection Account was suggested. In this regard, the government had all along attached great importance to elder life. This paper sets out the pros and cons of adopting the aforementioned proposal and the recommendations in the end.
Enhancing Elder Life
First and foremost, Elder life will be improved. By saving 5% of workers' salary, saving account will increase. More money is allowed for them to spend in their elder time, lower chance of without money will be resulted. This helps to minimise the no money, and thus ensure the public safety.
Forging Sense of Security
Secondly, sense of security can be forged within the community. By improving the financial situation, the government could build a safer life in which the elders can feel more secured and safer during retirement. As a result, a better sense of social security can be forged.
However, there are a number of social, economic and political concerns in adopting the proposal.
Reducing Job Opportunities
To begin with, job opportunities for worker will be reduced. Many workers rely heavily on monthly salary. Further imposing restriction on saving would directly reduce the amount of money which workers can use, and thus lowering their daily level. By changing jobs for a better earning, structural unemployment may be encountered.
Discouraging Investment
In addition, the increasing cost of business will discourage investment to the local industries, e.g. retailer sectors. The restriction will hinder their daily operations and give rise to extra costs for substitutes, eventually discouraging new investments.
Increasing Government Expenditure
Moreover, the administration cost for the proposal is very high due to the complicated enforcement. For instance, the government would have to. Extra pressure on public finance is foreseeable.
Worsening the City's Image
Finally, the government image will be adversely affected. This would make Hong Kong a less appealing city to overseas talent and companies. The image of the city as an international and liberal city will be tarnished.
In viewing of the potential benefits and drawbacks, it might not be the right moment for a full restriction on Long-term Care Protection Account. The government would propose effective recommendations with due regards towards the balance between elder life and the right of the workers.
Public Consultation
Firstly, public consultation is to be conducted to gauge public views and to engage relevant stakeholders, which include the full-time or part-time workers. Multiple channels can be adopted to collect public views, e.g. email, fax, before formulating the details. Suggestions collected through the public consultation should be studied and the feasibility should be explored.
Education and Publicity
Secondly, the government needs to step up public education and publicity to enhance awareness on elder life. The government may organize schemes and events, which citizens may be reminded to plan the retirement, various publicity and educational activities can be launched.
Timely Review
Thirdly, timely review is to be conducted on the effects of saving money on elder life. By closely monitoring the development of the situation, the government will be able to assess whether further actions should be taken, such as proposing amendments to existing ordinance to further safeguard elder life.
Monitoring and Regulatory System
Last but not the least, the existing monitoring and regulatory system are to be enhanced and consolidated. By enhancing the current systems, administration cost can be minimized.
To conclude, the government had all along been adopting a policy on saving behaviours. The government will continue to monitor the situation of rising number of elder population and explore more effective ways with greater deterrence to protect the elder life.
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